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Spring 2012 Program Notes Performances: Sunday, April 29, 2012 Neumann University Aston, PA Sunday, May 6, 2012 Perelman Theatre, Kimmel Center Philadelphia, PA Program: Copland, Four Dance Episodes from “Rodeo” Tchaikovsky, Violin Concerto Elgar, Variations on an Original Theme (“Enigma”) Notes: By George Weaver, Catherine Crouch, Tim Crouch and Debra Lew Harder Aaron Copland (1900-1990) Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo (1942) Aaron Copland was the quintessential 20th century American composer. He captured an authentic sound of the rugged American spirit through use of harmonies stacking open fourths and fifths, energetic rhythms, melodic themes featuring solo instruments, and generous quotation of American folk tunes. Copland composed Rodeo in five months. The success of his ballet Billy the Kid (1938) prompted the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo to commission the work. The renowned Agnes de Mille, the choreographer and lead dancer for the premiere, had played a critical role in recruiting Copland to compose the score. Copland employed four episodes of the original five to structure the symphonic version. The storyline is simple: a cowgirl tries to lasso a cowboy by being one of the boys.

Rodeo

News & Notes From The Rodeo Trail Mike Dudley was recently elected as the president of the Red Bluff (Calif.) Round-Up. Cics abend codes manual Dudley, a resident of Red Bluff, has been helping with the Round-Up since 1991. HOE-DOWN “Hoe‐Down” is the last section of the Rodeo ballet and the last movement of Copland’s Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo. A hoedown is a type of American folk dance or square dance in a fast duple meter. Hoedown music was popularized by the American tradition of fiddle playing.

The first episode, Buckaroo Holiday, begins with a bright fanfare descending between the winds and strings accented by the percussion before settling down to the calmer melody for the cowgirl theme. It is followed by a lively rhythmic theme derived from two American folk tunes. Corral Nocturne provides a sweet and poignant contrast as melody overtakes the rhythmic energy of the first episode. Saturday Night Waltz is a gentle dance movement that cautiously sways as the cowboys select their dance partners. The final episode, Hoe-Down, is highly recognizable.

Copland quotes two animated fiddle tunes as the percussion punctuates the energy of the winds and strings in this barn-burner of a square dance. —George Weaver Sources: Alsop, Marin: Copland: Early Music from America’s Composer. NPR Music, December, 2008. Rodda, Richard E.: Program Notes: Pine Bluff Symphony Orchestra. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 (1878) Composed in 1878, the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto is among the best known of the violin concerto repertoire, as well as one of the most difficult. It was initially poorly received.

Tchaikovsky dedicated the work to the violinist Leopold Auer, but Auer refused to perform it on the grounds that the violin writing was “impracticable.” The work was finally premiered in 1881 in Vienna, with Adolf Brodsky as the soloist, to mixed reviews. However, it has aged well; David Brown writes, “It is one of the freshest of Tchaikovsky’s works, in which a simple concerto pattern is filled with appealing melody that might have spilled over from one of his ballets.” The first movement, Allegro moderato, opens with a brief orchestral introduction, before introducing the soloist, who presents the main theme, a gentle, lilting D major statement. This theme is developed throughout the first half of the movement, through increasingly virtuosic solo writing, until finally the modulation into the dominant is completed and a massive tutti restates the theme, now in A.

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